注意

Ollama 的云端目前不支持结构化输出。

结构化输出允许您在模型响应上强制执行 JSON Schema，因此您可以可靠地提取结构化数据、描述图像或保持每次回复的一致性。

生成结构化 JSON

cURL

curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/chat -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "model": "gpt-oss",
  "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about Canada in one line"}],
  "stream": false,
  "format": "json"
}'

Python

from ollama import chat

response = chat(
  model='gpt-oss',
  messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me about Canada.'}],
  format='json'
)
print(response.message.content)

JavaScript

import ollama from 'ollama'

const response = await ollama.chat({
  model: 'gpt-oss',
  messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Tell me about Canada.' }],
  format: 'json'
})
console.log(response.message.content)

使用 Schema 生成结构化 JSON

在 format 字段中提供 JSON Schema。

注意

最好同时在提示词（prompt）中以字符串形式传递 JSON Schema，以约束模型的响应。

cURL

curl -X POST http://localhost:11434/api/chat -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "model": "gpt-oss",
  "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about Canada."}],
  "stream": false,
  "format": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "name": {"type": "string"},
      "capital": {"type": "string"},
      "languages": {
        "type": "array",
        "items": {"type": "string"}
      }
    },
    "required": ["name", "capital", "languages"]
  }
}'

Python

使用 Pydantic 模型并将 model_json_schema() 传递给 format，然后验证响应：

from ollama import chat
from pydantic import BaseModel

class Country(BaseModel):
  name: str
  capital: str
  languages: list[str]

response = chat(
  model='gpt-oss',
  messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Tell me about Canada.'}],
  format=Country.model_json_schema(),
)

country = Country.model_validate_json(response.message.content)
print(country)

JavaScript

使用 z.toJSONSchema() 序列化 Zod Schema 并解析结构化响应：

import ollama from 'ollama'
import * as z from 'zod'

const Country = z.object({
  name: z.string(),
  capital: z.string(),
  languages: z.array(z.string()),
})

const response = await ollama.chat({
  model: 'gpt-oss',
  messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Tell me about Canada.' }],
  format: z.toJSONSchema(Country),
})

const country = Country.parse(JSON.parse(response.message.content))
console.log(country)

示例：提取结构化数据

定义您希望返回的对象，并让模型填充字段内容：

from ollama import chat
from pydantic import BaseModel

class Pet(BaseModel):
  name: str
  animal: str
  age: int
  color: str | None
  favorite_toy: str | None

class PetList(BaseModel):
  pets: list[Pet]

response = chat(
  model='gpt-oss',
  messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': 'I have two cats named Luna and Loki...'}],
  format=PetList.model_json_schema(),
)

pets = PetList.model_validate_json(response.message.content)
print(pets)

示例：视觉模型的结构化输出

视觉模型支持相同的 format 参数，从而实现对图像的确定性描述：

from ollama import chat
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import Literal, Optional

class Object(BaseModel):
  name: str
  confidence: float
  attributes: str

class ImageDescription(BaseModel):
  summary: str
  objects: list[Object]
  scene: str
  colors: list[str]
  time_of_day: Literal['Morning', 'Afternoon', 'Evening', 'Night']
  setting: Literal['Indoor', 'Outdoor', 'Unknown']
  text_content: Optional[str] = None

response = chat(
  model='gemma4',
  messages=[{
    'role': 'user',
    'content': 'Describe this photo and list the objects you detect.',
    'images': ['path/to/image.jpg'],
  }],
  format=ImageDescription.model_json_schema(),
  options={'temperature': 0},
)

image_description = ImageDescription.model_validate_json(response.message.content)
print(image_description)

获取可靠结构化输出的技巧

• 使用 Pydantic (Python) 或 Zod (JavaScript) 定义 Schema，以便用于验证。
• 降低温度（例如设置为 0）以获得更确定的生成结果。
• 结构化输出支持通过兼容 OpenAI 的 API 中的 response_format 参数使用。