工作流
本指南介绍 OpenSpec 的常见工作流模式以及何时使用每种模式。有关基础设置,请参阅开始使用。有关命令参考,请参阅命令。
哲学:行动,而非阶段
传统工作流强制你经历各个阶段:规划、实施,然后完成。但实际工作并不能被整齐地划入这些框框。
OPSX 采取不同的方法:
Traditional (phase-locked):
PLANNING ────────► IMPLEMENTING ────────► DONE
│ │
│ "Can't go back" │
└────────────────────┘
OPSX (fluid actions):
proposal ──► specs ──► design ──► tasks ──► implement关键原则:
- 行动,而非阶段 - 命令是你能够做的事情,而不是你被困住的阶段
- 依赖是使能因素 - 它们展示什么是可能的,而非下一步必须做什么
定制: OPSX 工作流由定义工件序列的 schema 驱动。有关创建自定义 schema 的详细信息,请参阅定制。
工作流程概览
默认工作流程保持灵活:探索和验证是可选的,当实施过程中发现新情况时,你可以随时更新规划工件。
flowchart TD
Idea["Idea or problem"] --> Explore["/opsx:explore<br/>(optional)"]
Idea --> Propose["/opsx:propose"]
Explore --> Propose
Propose --> Review{"Planning artifacts<br/>ready?"}
Review -->|"Refine"| Update["/opsx:update"]
Update --> Review
Review -->|"Implement"| Apply["/opsx:apply"]
Apply -->|"Plan changed"| Update
Apply --> Archive["/opsx:archive"]
Apply --> Verify["/opsx:verify<br/>(optional, custom selection)"]
Apply --> Sync["/opsx:sync<br/>(optional before archive)"]
Verify --> Verified{"Ready to archive?"}
Verified -->|"Fix implementation"| Apply
Verified -->|"Revise plan"| Update
Verified -->|"Ready"| Sync
Verified -->|"Ready"| Archive
Sync --> ArchiveAI 助手驱动工作流程,而 CLI 提供确定性的脚手架、状态和工件指令:
sequenceDiagram
actor Human
participant Assistant as AI assistant
participant CLI as OpenSpec CLI
participant Files as Planning and implementation files
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:propose "change"
Assistant->>CLI: openspec new change
CLI->>Files: Scaffold change metadata
Assistant->>CLI: Request status and artifact instructions
CLI-->>Assistant: Build order, paths, and templates
Assistant->>Files: Write schema-defined planning artifacts
Assistant-->>Human: Present artifacts for review
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:apply
Assistant->>CLI: Request apply instructions
CLI-->>Assistant: Context files and task state
Assistant->>Files: Implement tasks and update checkboxes
Assistant-->>Human: Report implementation status
Human->>Assistant: /opsx:archive
Assistant->>CLI: Request archive inputs and artifact status
CLI-->>Assistant: Planning paths and artifact completion
Assistant->>Files: Read task state and compare delta specs
opt Delta specs exist
Assistant-->>Human: Offer to sync before archiving
alt Sync accepted
Human->>Assistant: Confirm sync
Assistant->>Files: Merge delta specs into main specs
else Sync skipped
Human->>Assistant: Archive without syncing
end
end
Assistant->>Files: Move the change into the archive
Assistant-->>Human: Report archive location and sync result
Note over Human,CLI: CLI alternative: openspec archive change-name --yes skips confirmation prompts. It still validates, then applies any delta specs and archives两种模式
默认快速路径 (core 配置方案)
新安装默认使用 core,它提供以下命令:
/opsx:explore/opsx:propose/opsx:apply/opsx:update/opsx:sync/opsx:archive
典型流程:
/opsx:explore ──► /opsx:propose ──► /opsx:apply ──► /opsx:sync ──► /opsx:archive
(optional)从探索开始(值得养成的习惯)
/opsx:explore 是默认配置方案的一部分,而不是高级附加功能。当你有问题但还没有计划时,就应该进行这一步,而在有 AI 助手的情况下,这种情况占大多数。
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: Our search results feel stale. I'm not sure if it's caching,
indexing, or the query itself.
AI: Let me look... [reads the search service and cache layer]
It's the index: it only rebuilds nightly, so edits don't show
up until the next day. Two options: rebuild on write (simple,
more load) or a short-TTL cache invalidation (more moving parts,
less load). Given your write volume is low, rebuild-on-write is
the cleaner fix. Want to scope it?
You: Yes.
You: /opsx:propose rebuild-search-index-on-write探索不会创建任何工件,也不会编写代码。这是一次免费且无风险的对话,能将模糊的担忧转化为精确的变更,从而使随后的提案更加精准。如果你已经确切知道想要什么?跳过它,直接进入 /opsx:propose。完整指南:Explore First。
扩展/完整工作流程(自定义选择)
如果你需要显式的脚手架和构建命令(/opsx:new, /opsx:continue, /opsx:ff, /opsx:verify, /opsx:bulk-archive, /opsx:onboard),请通过以下方式启用它们:
openspec config profile
openspec update工作流程模式(扩展模式)
快速特性开发
当你清楚要构建什么,只需要执行时:
/opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──► /opsx:apply ──► /opsx:verify ──► /opsx:archive示例对话:
You: /opsx:new add-logout-button
AI: Created openspec/changes/add-logout-button/
Ready to create: proposal
You: /opsx:ff
AI: Creating all planning artifacts...
✓ proposal.md
✓ specs/
✓ design.md
✓ tasks.md
Ready for implementation!
You: /opsx:apply
AI: Working through tasks...
✓ Added logout button to header
✓ Implemented session clearing
✓ Added confirmation dialog
All tasks complete!
You: /opsx:archive
AI: ✓ Merged specs
✓ Archived change最适合: 中小型特性、错误修复、简单的变更。
探索式
当需求不明确或你需要先进行调查时:
/opsx:explore ──► /opsx:new ──► /opsx:continue ──► ... ──► /opsx:apply示例对话:
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: I want to improve page load performance but I'm not sure
where the bottlenecks are.
AI: Let me help investigate...
[Analyzes bundle sizes, identifies slow queries, reviews
component render patterns]
I found three main bottlenecks:
1. Large unoptimized images
2. Synchronous data fetching in ProductList
3. Re-renders from context changes
Which would you like to address first?
You: Let's tackle the data fetching issue.
You: /opsx:new optimize-product-list-fetching
AI: Created change. Ready to create: proposal
You: /opsx:continue
AI: Creating proposal based on our exploration...
[Writes proposal incorporating investigation insights]
Ready to create: specs, design
Which would you like next?
You: /opsx:continue
AI: Creating specs...最适合: 性能优化、调试、架构决策、需求不明确的情况。
并行变更
同时处理多个变更:
Change A: /opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──► /opsx:apply (in progress)
│
context switch
│
Change B: /opsx:new ──► /opsx:ff ──────► /opsx:apply示例对话:
You: I'm working on add-dark-mode but got pulled into a bug fix
You: /opsx:new fix-login-redirect
AI: Created openspec/changes/fix-login-redirect/
You: /opsx:ff
AI: ✓ Created planning artifacts
You: /opsx:apply
AI: Working on fix-login-redirect...
[Implements the fix]
All tasks complete!
You: /opsx:archive
AI: ✓ Archived fix-login-redirect
You: Let's get back to dark mode
You: /opsx:apply add-dark-mode
AI: Resuming add-dark-mode...
Picking up at task 2.3: Update Header...最适合: 并行工作流、紧急中断、团队协作。
当你有多个已完成的变更时,使用 /opsx:bulk-archive:
You: /opsx:bulk-archive
AI: Found 3 completed changes:
- add-dark-mode (all tasks done)
- fix-login-redirect (all tasks done)
- update-footer (all tasks done)
Checking for spec conflicts...
⚠ add-dark-mode and update-footer both touch specs/ui/
Inspecting codebase to resolve...
Both changes are implemented. Will apply in chronological order.
Archive all 3 changes?
You: Yes
AI: ✓ Archived add-dark-mode
✓ Archived fix-login-redirect
✓ Archived update-footer
Specs merged in order: add-dark-mode → update-footer批量归档会检测多个变更是否触及相同的规范,并通过检查实际实现的内容来解决冲突。
完成变更
推荐的完成流程:
/opsx:apply ──► /opsx:verify ──► /opsx:archive
│ │
validates prompts to sync
implementation if needed验证:检查工作成果
/opsx:verify 从三个维度验证实施是否符合你的工件:
You: /opsx:verify
AI: Verifying add-auth...
COMPLETENESS
✓ All 12 tasks in tasks.md are checked
✓ All requirements in specs have corresponding code
⚠ Scenario "Session timeout after inactivity" not tested
CORRECTNESS
✓ Implementation matches spec intent
✓ Edge cases from scenarios are handled
✓ Error states match spec definitions
COHERENCE
✓ Design decisions reflected in code structure
✓ Naming conventions consistent with design.md
⚠ Design mentions "event-driven" but implementation uses polling
SUMMARY
─────────────────────────────
Critical issues: 0
Warnings: 2
Ready to archive: Yes (with warnings)
Recommendations:
1. Add test for session timeout scenario
2. Consider refactoring to event-driven as designed, or update design.md验证检查内容:
| 维度 | 验证内容 |
|---|---|
| 完整性 | 所有任务已完成,所有需求已实现,场景已覆盖 |
| 正确性 | 实施符合规范意图,边缘情况已处理 |
| 一致性 | 设计决策反映在代码结构中,模式保持一致 |
验证不会阻止归档,但它会显示你可能希望首先解决的问题。
归档:最终确定变更
/opsx:archive 完成变更并将其移动到归档中:
You: /opsx:archive
AI: Archiving add-auth...
Artifact status:
✓ proposal.md exists
✓ specs/ exists
✓ design.md exists
✓ tasks.md exists (12/12 tasks complete)
Delta specs: Not yet synced to main
→ Would you like to sync now?
You: Yes
AI: ✓ Synced specs to openspec/specs/auth/spec.md
✓ Moved to openspec/changes/archive/2025-01-24-add-auth/
Change archived successfully.如果规范未同步,归档将发出提示。它不会因为任务未完成而阻止操作,但会发出警告。
何时使用什么
/opsx:ff 与 /opsx:continue
| 情况 | 使用 |
|---|---|
| 需求明确,准备构建 | /opsx:ff |
| 正在探索,希望审查每一步 | /opsx:continue |
| 希望在规范之前迭代提案 | /opsx:continue |
| 时间紧迫,需要快速推进 | /opsx:ff |
| 复杂变更,希望掌控节奏 | /opsx:continue |
经验法则: 如果你能提前描述完整的范围,请使用 /opsx:ff。如果你是边做边摸索,请使用 /opsx:continue。
何时更新 vs 从头开始
一个常见的问题是:什么时候更新现有变更是可以接受的,什么时候应该开始一个新的变更?
当以下情况时更新现有变更:
- 意图相同,执行方式更完善
- 范围缩小(先 MVP,其余稍后)
- 基于学习的修正(代码库与你预期的不同)
- 基于实施发现的微调设计
当以下情况时开始新变更:
- 根本意图发生了改变
- 范围爆炸式增长到完全不同的工作
- 原始变更可以独立标记为“完成”
- 补丁会比澄清带来更多困惑
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Is this the same work? │
└──────────────┬──────────────────────┘
│
┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐
│ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼
Same intent? >50% overlap? Can original
Same problem? Same scope? be "done" without
│ │ these changes?
│ │ │
┌────────┴────────┐ ┌──────┴──────┐ ┌───────┴───────┐
│ │ │ │ │ │
YES NO YES NO NO YES
│ │ │ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
UPDATE NEW UPDATE NEW UPDATE NEW示例:“添加深色模式”
- “还需要支持自定义主题” → 新变更(范围爆炸)
- “系统偏好检测比预期的难” → 更新(意图相同)
- “让我们先发布切换功能,稍后再添加偏好设置” → 更新然后归档,然后开始新变更
最佳实践
保持变更聚焦
每次变更只处理一个逻辑单元。如果你在做"添加功能 X 同时重构 Y",建议拆分为两个独立的变更。
为什么这很重要:
- 更易于审查和理解
- 归档历史更清晰
- 可以独立发布
- 需要回滚时更简单
需求不明确时使用 /opsx:explore
在确定变更方案之前,先探索问题空间:
You: /opsx:explore
AI: What would you like to explore?
You: How should we handle rate limiting for our API?
AI: Let me investigate your current setup and options...
[Researches codebase, considers patterns]
I see three approaches we could take:
1. Middleware-based (simple, per-endpoint)
2. Redis-backed (scalable, shared state)
3. Token bucket per user (fair, complex)
Your current stack suggests #1 or #2. What's your scale?探索有助于在创建工件之前理清思路。
归档前先验证
使用 /opsx:verify 检查实现是否与工件一致:
You: /opsx:verify
AI: Verifying add-dark-mode...
✓ All tasks in tasks.md are checked
✓ Requirements in specs have corresponding code
✓ Design decisions are reflected in implementation
Ready to archive!在关闭变更之前发现不匹配的问题。
清晰命名变更
好的命名让 openspec list 更有用:
Good: Avoid:
add-dark-mode feature-1
fix-login-redirect update
optimize-product-query changes
implement-2fa wip命令速查
完整的命令详情和选项,请参阅 Commands。
| 命令 | 用途 | 使用时机 |
|---|---|---|
/opsx:propose | 创建变更及规划工件 | 快速默认路径(core 配置) |
/opsx:explore | 与 AI 一起梳理想法 | 不确定时从这里开始:需求不明确、调查、比较方案 |
/opsx:new | 创建变更脚手架 | 扩展模式,显式控制工件 |
/opsx:continue | 创建下一个工件 | 扩展模式,逐步创建工件 |
/opsx:ff | 创建所有规划工件 | 扩展模式,范围明确 |
/opsx:apply | 实现任务 | 准备编写代码时 |
/opsx:verify | 验证实现 | 扩展模式,归档前 |
/opsx:sync | 合并增量规格 | 扩展模式,可选 |
/opsx:archive | 完成变更 | 所有工作已完成 |
/opsx:bulk-archive | 批量归档多个变更 | 扩展模式,并行工作 |
下一步
- 编写优质规格 - 什么是好的需求和场景,以及如何合理控制变更规模
- 审查变更 - 在编写代码之前对草稿计划进行两分钟快速审查
- 团队中使用 OpenSpec - 变更如何与分支和拉取请求配合
- Commands - 包含选项的完整命令参考
- Concepts - 深入讲解规格、工件和模式
- Customization - 创建自定义工作流